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Unbalanced Voltage Calculator

Electrical & HVAC

NEMA voltage unbalance calculator. Enter the measured Line-Line voltage to quickly calculate the % voltage unbalance based on NEMA Equation.Essential for electrical engineers, maintenance teams, and HVAC technicians to detect harmful voltage unbalance that can damage motors, reduce efficiency, and cause overheating.

How to Use Unbalanced Voltage Calculator

To use the Unbalanced Voltage Calculator: 1) Measure and enter the three phase-to-phase voltages (Vab, Vbc, Vca) of your system. 2) The calculator will find the average voltage. 3) Determine the maximum voltage deviation from the average. 4) The percentage voltage unbalance is calculated using the NEMA MG1 formula: % Unbalance = (Max Deviation ÷ Average Voltage) × 100. 5) Compare the result with the recommended limit (typically below 1% for critical motors, 2–3% for general use).

Frequently Asked Questions

What is voltage unbalance in a three-phase system?

Voltage unbalance occurs when the voltages in a three-phase system are not equal in magnitude or have phase displacement issues. This can cause increased motor heating, reduced efficiency, and premature failure.

How do you calculate voltage unbalance?

Measure the three phase-to-phase voltages, find the average, determine the maximum deviation from that average, and divide it by the average voltage, then multiply by 100. Our calculator does this instantly for you.

What is the acceptable voltage unbalance limit for motors?

According to NEMA MG1, voltage unbalance should not exceed 1% for continuous motor operation. Higher unbalance can reduce motor life significantly.

Why is voltage unbalance harmful to motors?

Even a 1% voltage unbalance can cause 6–10% current unbalance, leading to overheating, insulation damage, vibration, and reduced efficiency.

Can this calculator be used for single-phase systems?

No, voltage unbalance is a three-phase power quality issue. This tool is designed for three-phase voltage measurements.

What causes voltage unbalance?

Common causes include uneven distribution of single-phase loads, faulty connections, blown fuses on one phase, or utility supply issues.

Does this work for both 50 Hz and 60 Hz systems?

Yes, the calculation method is frequency-independent and works for both 50 Hz and 60 Hz three-phase systems.

Can I use this tool during motor startup?

It’s best to measure steady-state running voltages for accurate results. Startup conditions may cause temporary voltage drops that do not reflect system balance.

Does this tool store my measurements?

No, all voltage inputs are processed in your browser and are not stored on our servers.

What if my voltage unbalance exceeds limits?

Investigate load distribution, check supply connections, balance single-phase loads, and contact your utility provider if the issue originates from the supply side.

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